Nursing Theoretical Works represents
The most comprehensive ideas
And systematic knowledge about nursing;
Therefore theory is vital to both
The discipline and the profession.
Discipline is
specific to academia and a branch of education, a department of learning or
field of knowledge.
Profession refers
to specialized field of practice, which is founded upon the theoretical
structure of the science or knowledge of that discipline and the accompanying
practice abilities.
Significance of
theory for nursing as a discipline
1.
University baccalaureate
programs proliferated, masters
programs in nursing were developed, and the curricula began to be standardized through the accreditation
process.
2.
Attention to the importance of nursing conceptualizations for the
research process and the role of a conceptual
framework in the purpose and design of research production of science and nursing theoretical works also began to
publish.
3.
Works began to be recognize for their
theoretical nature, such as Henderson, Nightingale and etc.
4.
KEYNOTE
ADDRESS, New nursing doctoral programs were beginning to open and they
reopened the discussion of the nature of nursing science. This becomes the
first classic reference for nursing as discipline and for distinguishing
between the discipline and profession.
5.
Fawcett’s
conceptualization of metaparadigm of
nursing and unifying
conceptual-theoretical structure of knowledge recognize works of major
nursing theorist as conceptual framework
and paradigms of nursing.
6.
MAJOR SIGNIFICANCE IS;THE DISCIPLINE IS DEPENDENT UPON THEORY
6.1. Theoretical
works have taken nursing to a higher level.
6.2. The
emphasis has shifted from a focus on knowledge about how nurses function, which
concentrated on the nursing process, to focus on what nurses know and how they use knowledge to
guide their thinking and decision making while concentrating on the patient.
Significance of
theory for nursing as a profession
Clearly, nursing is recognize as a profession today.
1.
Bixler and Bixler published a set of criteria
tailored to nursing in the American Journal of Nursing in 1959. They stated
that a profession:
a.
Utilizes in its practice a well-defined and
well-organized body of specialized knowledge that is on the intellectual level
of the higher learning.
b.
Constantly enlarges the body of knowledge it
uses and improves its techniques of education and service by the use of the
scientific method.
c.
Entrusts the education of its practitioners to
institution of higher education.
d.
Applies its body of knowledge in practical
services that are vital to human and social welfare.
e.
Functions autonomously in the formulation of
professional policy and in the control of professional activity thereby.
f.
Attracts individuals of intellectual and
personal qualities who exalt service above personal gain and who recognizes
their chosen occupation as a life work.
g.
Strives to compensate its practitioners by
providing freedom of action, opportunity for continuous professional growth and
economic security.
These criteria have historical value because they provide an
understanding of the developmental path the nursing followed.
2.
Nursing theory is a useful tool for reasoning,
critical thinking, and decision making in nursing practice.
3.
Nursing theoretical works provide a perspective
of the patient.
4.
Nursing theory provides more direction for
nursing practice.
5.
The conceptual models of nursing are
comprehensive and the reader to the specifics of the practice.
6.
Middle range theories contain the specifics of
nursing practice.
NURSING THEORETICAL WORKS;
Philosophies
·
Florence Nightingale: Patient-Environment
Interaction
·
Ernestine Wiedenbach: Art of Nursing
·
Virginia Henderson: The 14 Basic Human Needs
·
Faye Glenn Abdella: The 21 Nursing Problems
·
Lydia E. Hall: Care, Core and Cure Theory
Conceptual Models and Grand Theories
·
Dorothea E. Orem: Self-care Deficit Theory
·
Myra Estrin Levine: Wrote the “Introduction to
Clinical Nursing”
·
Martha Rogers: Key Concepts of Science of
Unitary Human Being, and Principles of Hemodynamic
·
Dorothy E. Johnson: Behavioral System Model
·
Sister Callista Roy: Adaptation Model
·
Betty Neuman: Neumans System Model
·
Imogene King: Goal Attainment Theory
Theories and Middle-Range Nursing Theories
·
Hildegard E. Peplau: Interpersonal Relation in
Nursing
·
Ida Jean Orlando: Dynamic-Nurse Relationship
·
Joyce Travelbee: Human to Human Relationship and
ETC!
Book Reference:
Nursing Theorist and Their Work by Ann Marriner Tomey and Martha Raile
Alligood, 5th Edition
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